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    [0] => <p><strong>Vocoders</strong> have been around since the method was used first to synthesize a human voice in the 1930s. The word itself is derived from combining the words VOice and enCODER. For a brief history of the Vocoder and some of the artists that have used them, see Ian Vargo’s excellent article <a href="https://theproaudiofiles.com/history-of-the-vocoder/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.
    [1] => 
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-44995 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="1802" height="1212" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM.png 1802w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM-200x135.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM-300x202.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM-1024x689.png 1024w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-14-at-3.13.23-PM-400x269.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1802px) 100vw, 1802px" />
    [2] => 
<h2>Auto-Tune vs. Talk Box vs. Vocoder vs. Cross Synthesis</h2>
<p>There is some confusion regarding the difference between these processes which should be cleared up first:
    [3] => 
<p><strong>Vocoding</strong> is a form of <strong>Cross Synthesis</strong>, which is nicely described here by Julius Smith:
    [4] => 
<blockquote><p>Cross-synthesis is the technique of impressing the spectral envelope of one sound on the flattened spectrum of another. A typical example is to impress speech on various natural sounds, such as &#8216;talking wind.’
    [5] => 
<p>Let&#8217;s call the first signal the `modulating’ signal, and the other the ’carrier’ signal. Then the modulator may be a voice, and the carrier may be any spectrally rich sound such as wind, rain, creaking noises, flute, or other musical instrument sounds. Commercial [hardware] vocoders used as musical instruments consist of a keyboard synthesizer (for playing the carrier sounds) and a microphone for picking up the voice of the performer (to extract the modulation envelope). (<a href="https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/sasp/Cross_Synthesis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">source</a>)
    [6] => </blockquote>
<p>In other words, only the frequencies that are present in the modulating signal are retained in the carrier signal after the envelope is applied. In software, vocoders can usually function as inserts on an audio track, as an instrument on a virtual instrument track using a sidechained input from another audio track or a live external source, or in the case of devices like Vocal Synth 2, either as an audio insert effect or virtual instrument.
    [7] => 
<p><em>Random thought: What would happen if you Vocode a Vocoded signal?</em>
    [8] => 
<p>Auto-Tune is designed to sort of quantize a vocal signal to the closest pitch or scale degree. You begin to get that robotic vocoder-esque sound when you push it hard so that the pitch jumps abruptly from note to note. But the process is significantly different from vocoding.
    [9] => 
<p><strong>The Talk Box</strong> is also a very different process:
    [10] => 
<blockquote><p>… is usually an effects pedal that sits on the floor and contains a speaker attached with an airtight connection to a plastic tube … the speaker is generally in the form of a compression driver, the sound-generating part of a horn loudspeaker with the horn replaced by the tube connection. The other end of the tube is taped to the side of a microphone, extending enough to direct the reproduced sound in or near the performer&#8217;s mouth. When activated, the sound from the amplifier is reproduced by the speaker in the talk box and directed through the tube into the performer&#8217;s mouth. The shape of the mouth filters the sound, with the modified sound being picked up by the microphone. The shape of the mouth changes the harmonic content of the sound in the same way it affects the harmonic content generated by the vocal folds when speaking. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_box" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">source</a>)
    [11] => </blockquote>
<h2>Carrier &amp; Modulator</h2>
<p>“One of the earliest vocoders was developed by Homer Dudley in the late 1920s/early 1930s at Bell Laboratories. Large-scale telephone networks were being implemented at the time, and the vocoder was developed as a potential solution to bandwidth issues. These early tools were designed to encode speech to reduce bandwidth, allowing multiple voice signals to be transmitted over the same cables. Vocoders even underpinned pivotal World War II technologies, such as the SIGSALY system used for secure voice transmission.” (Vocal Synth 2 Vocoder manual &#8211; iZotope)
    [12] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-44996 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.17.02-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="824" height="444" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.17.02-PM.png 824w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.17.02-PM-200x108.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.17.02-PM-300x162.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.17.02-PM-400x216.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px" />
    [13] => 
<p>(<a href="http://digitalsoundandmusic.com/7-3-10experiments-with-filtering-vocoders-and-pitch-glides/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">image source</a>)
    [14] => 
<p>While the use of the vocoder is typically associated with the robotized voice you are undoubtedly familiar with, and the processing method can be used on any sound especially those with distinct transients such as percussive sounds. Don’t feel constrained by the name — try experimenting with sounds other than vocals — replace or parallel process rhythm parts for example to get a beat that tracks the harmony. I’m a big fan of misusing software for creative effect – unlike hardware; it cannot be broken with bold experimentation.
    [15] => 
<p>Below is a collection of software Vocoders (in no particular order) that I recommend based on personal use. I welcome any additions to the list from readers inclined to contribute. They all work great on vocals of course, but as mentioned above, I suggest a healthy dose of reckless abandon and misuse to get your creative juices flowing.
    [16] => 
<h2><a href="https://www.apple.com/logic-pro/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EVOC 20 PS by Apple</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $199 &#8211; <em>included with Logic Pro X</em></strong>
    [17] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-44997 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.19.49-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="940" height="511" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.19.49-PM.png 940w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.19.49-PM-200x109.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.19.49-PM-300x163.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.19.49-PM-400x217.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px" />
    [18] => 
<p>This is the vocoder and polyphonic synth that comes with Logic Pro’s excellent suite of virtual instruments. (Check out my Synthesis 101 tutorial series that features Logic instruments <a href="https://theproaudiofiles.com/synthesis-101/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>)
    [19] => 
<p>The interface is accessible and well organized — once the three modes (Analysis, Synth, Vocoder) are understood and the Side Chain input is set up, you will start getting immediate results. The Synth section (Carrier signal) can be a blend of two waveforms or an FM modulated waveform. Built-in modulation, noise generation, onboard effects and a cool Freeze function (which freezes the current vocoded sound to be used as a straight-ahead synth voice) are nice features. Voiced and Unvoiced detection is also available for increased intelligibility if desired.
    [20] => 
<h2><a href="https://www.izotope.com/en/products/create-and-design/vocalsynth.html?msclkid=ecf6d9df73171da559a185549b28ca72&amp;utm_source=bing&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=WP_Brand_CR_VocalSynth_US-EN&amp;utm_term=vocalsynth&amp;utm_content=VocalSynth_(Exact)" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vocal Synth 2 by iZotope</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $199</strong>
    [21] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-45143" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="1552" height="812" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth.png 1552w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth-200x105.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth-300x157.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth-1024x536.png 1024w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/vocal-synth-400x209.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1552px) 100vw, 1552px" />
    [22] => 
<p>This plugin by iZotope is extremely powerful and sounds great from the very first launch. It is addictive, so make sure you’ve got some extra time on your hands before you fire it up. There are three main modes to be aware of off the bat:
    [23] => <div class="ad content-ad"><span>ADVERTISEMENT</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-1516673860578-0" style="width:300px; height:250px;"></div><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1516673860578-0'); });</script></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>AUTO:</strong> The internal synth engine of the plugin is used to generate sound. Insert it on an audio track and press play.</li>
<li><strong>MIDI:</strong> With this mode, you can control the harmonies generated with a MIDI controller (eg. Keyboard)</li>
<li><strong>SIDECHAIN:</strong> In this mode, you can drive another synth, guitar or other sound sources through the Vocal Synth modules.</li>
</ul>
<p>The help screens give clear and concise setup instructions for each mode.
    [24] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-44999 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-15-at-10.53.44-AM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="888" height="626" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-15-at-10.53.44-AM.png 888w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-15-at-10.53.44-AM-200x141.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-15-at-10.53.44-AM-300x211.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-15-at-10.53.44-AM-400x282.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px" />
    [25] => 
<p>In addition to the Vocoder Module, there are four others – Biovox, Compuvox, Talkbox and Polyvox. The interface uses a nice graphic to display the relative influence of each.
    [26] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45000 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.15-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="889" height="185" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.15-PM.png 889w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.15-PM-200x42.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.15-PM-300x62.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.15-PM-400x83.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px" />
    [27] => 
<p>There is also a slew of audio effects that can be easily routed in any custom configuration simply by dragging. The Shred module, in particular, creates a great granular stuttering effect that’s worth the price of admission.
    [28] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45001 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.22-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="896" height="133" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.22-PM.png 896w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.22-PM-200x30.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.22-PM-300x45.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.26.22-PM-400x59.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px" />
    [29] => 
<p>There’s A LOT of functionality in Vocal Synth 2 and I encourage you to dig deep.
    [30] => 
<div class="arve wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve arve-hover-effect-none" data-mode="lazyload" data-oembed="1" data-provider="youtube" id="arve-youtube-txiesuku_xu6427ad2c7d28e369503811" data-reset-after-played data-fullscreen="disabled" data-volume="100">
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    [31] => 
<h5 class="arve-title">
iZotope VocalSynth 2: Vocoder, FX &amp; More<br />
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</div>
<h2><a href="https://www.meldaproduction.com/MVocoder" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MVocoder by Melda Production</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $57</strong>
    [35] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45002 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07.jpg" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="1776" height="1069" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07.jpg 1776w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07-200x120.jpg 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07-300x181.jpg 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07-1024x616.jpg 1024w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/MVocoder07-400x241.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1776px) 100vw, 1776px" />
    [36] => 
<p>The MVocoder is a feature-rich device that comes with an exhaustive 102-page manual and allows for the manipulation/modulation of every conceivable parameter. Four Modulator sections include morphable shapes, envelopes, followers and more. The Band Graph and Band Matrix sections alone make this a powerful tool. There is an onboard upsampling section and mid/side capability.
    [37] => 
<p>The more time I spent with it, the more I liked it as I continued to uncover new functionality, new graphic interfaces, and surprising layers of control that resulted in nuanced to extreme sonic variation. It even has 11 interface styles with custom colors to accommodate your aesthetic taste.
    [38] => 
<p>As with many plugins of this complexity, the learning curve is steep and to take full advantage of all that this device has to offer will require a significant time commitment. For what this thing does, the price is ridiculously low. But there is no price/functionality relationship here. The MVocoder is for those looking to explore vocoding in great depth with meticulous control and programmability at every turn.
    [39] => 
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MeldaProduction MVocoder teaser<br />
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<p>&nbsp;
    [44] => 
<h2><a href="https://www.sonivoxmi.com/effects/vocalizer-pro.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vocalizer Pro by Sonivox</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $199</strong>
    [45] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45003 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.32.40-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="1003" height="743" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.32.40-PM.png 1003w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.32.40-PM-200x148.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.32.40-PM-300x222.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.32.40-PM-400x296.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px" />
    [46] => 
<p>The Vocalizer Pro has a stunning, albeit initially intimidating interface, and provides access to four identical spectral synthesis modules with customized routing capability. The modules include various synthesis methods, envelopes, multimode filters and LFOs. There is an Effects Tab for built-in EQ, Chorus, Delay and Reverb, and an excellent Browser system based on genre, color and character descriptors. Eight Snapshot pads allow on-the-fly access to user presets and eight Chord pads will recall keyboard notes and chords. This device sounds great right out of the virtual box and is almost immediately usable. Once you understand one module and the effect of the various synthesis methods you are ready to roll.
    [47] => 
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    [48] => 
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Vocalizer Pro Overview | SONiVOX<br />
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<h2><a href="https://www.waldorfmusic.com/en/lector-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Lector Vocoder by Waldorf</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $179</strong>
    [52] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45004 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="1028" height="585" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM.png 1028w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM-200x114.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM-300x171.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM-1024x583.png 1024w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-8.33.57-PM-400x228.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px" />
    [53] => 
<p>The Lector Vocoder is a single window interface that includes four main sections: Input Carrier signal controls with Unvoiced detection for intelligibility, Synthesizer (2 oscillators, filter and amplifier sections), Vocoder filter bank with modulation and analysis controls, and an onboard Effects section that includes: overdrive, chorus, delay and reverb. It took some futzing to get this device to do what I wanted, but the results were reasonably good. I recommend a good read through the manual to avoid unnecessary frustration. The Waldorf sound engine is well-known and respected and provides a strong foundation for Vocoding in this plugin.
    [54] => 
<h2><a href="https://www.zynaptiq.com/orangevocoder4/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Orange Vocoder IV by Zynaptiq</a></h2>
<p><strong>Price: $189</strong> (older version price)
    [55] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45005 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-7.34.33-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="813" height="542" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-7.34.33-PM.png 813w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-7.34.33-PM-200x133.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-7.34.33-PM-300x200.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Screen-Shot-2019-03-31-at-7.34.33-PM-400x267.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px" />
    [56] => 
<p>The Orange Vocoder IV will be the latest offering by the innovative developers at Zynaptiq but has not yet been released, so I’m unable to make any comments or personal observations. However, check back after the release date for an update to this article. Until then, here is some preliminary information from Zynaptiq:
    [57] => 
<blockquote><p><em>Initially developed by Prosoniq in 1998, ORANGE VOCODER has since evolved through numerous iterations, always staying at the cutting edge right to this day. It has a reputation for being the single most transparent sounding and flexible vocoder plug-in available &#8230; it features a built-in 32-voice synthesizer, eight different vocoder algorithms ranging from analog modeled circuits to far-out digital cross-synthesis modes, filter-bank freezing and reverb, a 10-band graphic EQ, and more&#8230;a dream-machine for creating new sounds!</em>
    [58] => </blockquote>
<p>I can say that the current version pictured below is a beautifully designed plugin that sounded immediately great from the very first instantiation. It features two sound sources which can be waveforms or samples, two modulators which be set to an LFO, envelope or dedicated pitch modulation, ring modulation, onboard reverb, filter, graphic EQ, unvoiced detection, mixer section, and a freeze button. I am anxious to see and hear what improvements the latest release will have to offer.
    [59] => 
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-45133 size-full" src="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-05-at-1.21.22-PM.png" alt="6 Great Vocoder Plugins (+ What is a Vocoder)" width="949" height="578" srcset="https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-05-at-1.21.22-PM.png 949w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-05-at-1.21.22-PM-200x122.png 200w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-05-at-1.21.22-PM-300x183.png 300w, https://theproaudiofiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Screen-Shot-2019-04-05-at-1.21.22-PM-400x244.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px" />
    [60] => 
<h2>Conclusions</h2>
<p>Vocoding is not just about voice mangling or robotizing; it is a unique form of cross synthesis that works well with a variety of source material and live audio input. If you haven’t experimented with vocoders in the past, now is as good a time as any. It may be just the thing to inspire new directions in your work.
    [61] => 
<hr />
<p>Check out my other <strong><a href="https://theproaudiofiles.com/author/philipmantione/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">articles, reviews, interviews</a></strong> and my video tutorial series, <a href="https://theproaudiofiles.com/synthesis-101/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>Synthesis 101</strong></a> available exclusively on The Pro Audio Files.
    [62] => 
<p>Follow me on Twitter: <strong><a href="https://twitter.com/PMantione" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">@PMantione</a></strong><br />
Instagram: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/philipmantione/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>philipmantione</strong></a>
    [63] => 
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    [64] => 
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Synthesis 101: 4+ Hours of In-Depth Synth Training<br />
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    [68] => 
)

Chosen Position: 37

<p>The more time I spent with it, the more I liked it as I continued to uncover new functionality, new graphic interfaces, and surprising layers of control that resulted in nuanced to extreme sonic variation. It even has 11 interface styles with custom colors to accommodate your aesthetic taste.</p>

Chosen Position: 58

<blockquote><p><em>Initially developed by Prosoniq in 1998, ORANGE VOCODER has since evolved through numerous iterations, always staying at the cutting edge right to this day. It has a reputation for being the single most transparent sounding and flexible vocoder plug-in available &#8230; it features a built-in 32-voice synthesizer, eight different vocoder algorithms ranging from analog modeled circuits to far-out digital cross-synthesis modes, filter-bank freezing and reverb, a 10-band graphic EQ, and more&#8230;a dream-machine for creating new sounds!</em></p>

Vocoders have been around since the method was used first to synthesize a human voice in the 1930s. The word itself is derived from combining the words VOice and enCODER. For a brief history of the Vocoder and some of the artists that have used them, see Ian Vargo’s excellent article here.

Auto-Tune vs. Talk Box vs. Vocoder vs. Cross Synthesis

There is some confusion regarding the difference between these processes which should be cleared up first:

Vocoding is a form of Cross Synthesis, which is nicely described here by Julius Smith:

Cross-synthesis is the technique of impressing the spectral envelope of one sound on the flattened spectrum of another. A typical example is to impress speech on various natural sounds, such as ‘talking wind.’

Let’s call the first signal the `modulating’ signal, and the other the ’carrier’ signal. Then the modulator may be a voice, and the carrier may be any spectrally rich sound such as wind, rain, creaking noises, flute, or other musical instrument sounds. Commercial [hardware] vocoders used as musical instruments consist of a keyboard synthesizer (for playing the carrier sounds) and a microphone for picking up the voice of the performer (to extract the modulation envelope). (source)

In other words, only the frequencies that are present in the modulating signal are retained in the carrier signal after the envelope is applied. In software, vocoders can usually function as inserts on an audio track, as an instrument on a virtual instrument track using a sidechained input from another audio track or a live external source, or in the case of devices like Vocal Synth 2, either as an audio insert effect or virtual instrument.

Random thought: What would happen if you Vocode a Vocoded signal?

Auto-Tune is designed to sort of quantize a vocal signal to the closest pitch or scale degree. You begin to get that robotic vocoder-esque sound when you push it hard so that the pitch jumps abruptly from note to note. But the process is significantly different from vocoding.

The Talk Box is also a very different process:

… is usually an effects pedal that sits on the floor and contains a speaker attached with an airtight connection to a plastic tube … the speaker is generally in the form of a compression driver, the sound-generating part of a horn loudspeaker with the horn replaced by the tube connection. The other end of the tube is taped to the side of a microphone, extending enough to direct the reproduced sound in or near the performer’s mouth. When activated, the sound from the amplifier is reproduced by the speaker in the talk box and directed through the tube into the performer’s mouth. The shape of the mouth filters the sound, with the modified sound being picked up by the microphone. The shape of the mouth changes the harmonic content of the sound in the same way it affects the harmonic content generated by the vocal folds when speaking. (source)

Carrier & Modulator

“One of the earliest vocoders was developed by Homer Dudley in the late 1920s/early 1930s at Bell Laboratories. Large-scale telephone networks were being implemented at the time, and the vocoder was developed as a potential solution to bandwidth issues. These early tools were designed to encode speech to reduce bandwidth, allowing multiple voice signals to be transmitted over the same cables. Vocoders even underpinned pivotal World War II technologies, such as the SIGSALY system used for secure voice transmission.” (Vocal Synth 2 Vocoder manual – iZotope)

(image source)

While the use of the vocoder is typically associated with the robotized voice you are undoubtedly familiar with, and the processing method can be used on any sound especially those with distinct transients such as percussive sounds. Don’t feel constrained by the name — try experimenting with sounds other than vocals — replace or parallel process rhythm parts for example to get a beat that tracks the harmony. I’m a big fan of misusing software for creative effect – unlike hardware; it cannot be broken with bold experimentation.

Below is a collection of software Vocoders (in no particular order) that I recommend based on personal use. I welcome any additions to the list from readers inclined to contribute. They all work great on vocals of course, but as mentioned above, I suggest a healthy dose of reckless abandon and misuse to get your creative juices flowing.

EVOC 20 PS by Apple

Price: $199 – included with Logic Pro X

This is the vocoder and polyphonic synth that comes with Logic Pro’s excellent suite of virtual instruments. (Check out my Synthesis 101 tutorial series that features Logic instruments here)

The interface is accessible and well organized — once the three modes (Analysis, Synth, Vocoder) are understood and the Side Chain input is set up, you will start getting immediate results. The Synth section (Carrier signal) can be a blend of two waveforms or an FM modulated waveform. Built-in modulation, noise generation, onboard effects and a cool Freeze function (which freezes the current vocoded sound to be used as a straight-ahead synth voice) are nice features. Voiced and Unvoiced detection is also available for increased intelligibility if desired.

Vocal Synth 2 by iZotope

Price: $199

This plugin by iZotope is extremely powerful and sounds great from the very first launch. It is addictive, so make sure you’ve got some extra time on your hands before you fire it up. There are three main modes to be aware of off the bat:

• AUTO: The internal synth engine of the plugin is used to generate sound. Insert it on an audio track and press play.
• MIDI: With this mode, you can control the harmonies generated with a MIDI controller (eg. Keyboard)
• SIDECHAIN: In this mode, you can drive another synth, guitar or other sound sources through the Vocal Synth modules.

The help screens give clear and concise setup instructions for each mode.

In addition to the Vocoder Module, there are four others – Biovox, Compuvox, Talkbox and Polyvox. The interface uses a nice graphic to display the relative influence of each.

There is also a slew of audio effects that can be easily routed in any custom configuration simply by dragging. The Shred module, in particular, creates a great granular stuttering effect that’s worth the price of admission.

There’s A LOT of functionality in Vocal Synth 2 and I encourage you to dig deep.

iZotope VocalSynth 2: Vocoder, FX & More

MVocoder by Melda Production

Price: $57

The MVocoder is a feature-rich device that comes with an exhaustive 102-page manual and allows for the manipulation/modulation of every conceivable parameter. Four Modulator sections include morphable shapes, envelopes, followers and more. The Band Graph and Band Matrix sections alone make this a powerful tool. There is an onboard upsampling section and mid/side capability.

The more time I spent with it, the more I liked it as I continued to uncover new functionality, new graphic interfaces, and surprising layers of control that resulted in nuanced to extreme sonic variation. It even has 11 interface styles with custom colors to accommodate your aesthetic taste.

As with many plugins of this complexity, the learning curve is steep and to take full advantage of all that this device has to offer will require a significant time commitment. For what this thing does, the price is ridiculously low. But there is no price/functionality relationship here. The MVocoder is for those looking to explore vocoding in great depth with meticulous control and programmability at every turn.

MeldaProduction MVocoder teaser

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Vocalizer Pro by Sonivox

Price: $199

The Vocalizer Pro has a stunning, albeit initially intimidating interface, and provides access to four identical spectral synthesis modules with customized routing capability. The modules include various synthesis methods, envelopes, multimode filters and LFOs. There is an Effects Tab for built-in EQ, Chorus, Delay and Reverb, and an excellent Browser system based on genre, color and character descriptors. Eight Snapshot pads allow on-the-fly access to user presets and eight Chord pads will recall keyboard notes and chords. This device sounds great right out of the virtual box and is almost immediately usable. Once you understand one module and the effect of the various synthesis methods you are ready to roll.

Vocalizer Pro Overview | SONiVOX

Lector Vocoder by Waldorf

Price: $179

The Lector Vocoder is a single window interface that includes four main sections: Input Carrier signal controls with Unvoiced detection for intelligibility, Synthesizer (2 oscillators, filter and amplifier sections), Vocoder filter bank with modulation and analysis controls, and an onboard Effects section that includes: overdrive, chorus, delay and reverb. It took some futzing to get this device to do what I wanted, but the results were reasonably good. I recommend a good read through the manual to avoid unnecessary frustration. The Waldorf sound engine is well-known and respected and provides a strong foundation for Vocoding in this plugin.

Orange Vocoder IV by Zynaptiq

Price: $189 (older version price)

The Orange Vocoder IV will be the latest offering by the innovative developers at Zynaptiq but has not yet been released, so I’m unable to make any comments or personal observations. However, check back after the release date for an update to this article. Until then, here is some preliminary information from Zynaptiq:

Initially developed by Prosoniq in 1998, ORANGE VOCODER has since evolved through numerous iterations, always staying at the cutting edge right to this day. It has a reputation for being the single most transparent sounding and flexible vocoder plug-in available … it features a built-in 32-voice synthesizer, eight different vocoder algorithms ranging from analog modeled circuits to far-out digital cross-synthesis modes, filter-bank freezing and reverb, a 10-band graphic EQ, and more…a dream-machine for creating new sounds!

I can say that the current version pictured below is a beautifully designed plugin that sounded immediately great from the very first instantiation. It features two sound sources which can be waveforms or samples, two modulators which be set to an LFO, envelope or dedicated pitch modulation, ring modulation, onboard reverb, filter, graphic EQ, unvoiced detection, mixer section, and a freeze button. I am anxious to see and hear what improvements the latest release will have to offer.

Conclusions

Vocoding is not just about voice mangling or robotizing; it is a unique form of cross synthesis that works well with a variety of source material and live audio input. If you haven’t experimented with vocoders in the past, now is as good a time as any. It may be just the thing to inspire new directions in your work.

Check out my other articles, reviews, interviews and my video tutorial series, Synthesis 101 available exclusively on The Pro Audio Files.

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Philip Mantione

Philip Mantione is a composer, synthesist, guitarist, educator and sound artist active in the LA experimental music scene. His music has been presented in festivals, museums and galleries worldwide. His current project is TriAngular Bent, an electroacoustic trio featuring Don Preston (founding member of Frank Zappa’s Mothers of Invention) and circuit bending virtuoso, Jeff Boynton. Details at philipmantione.com